Our study highlights Ca 2+ efflux as a pathway underlying temporal summation and persistent pain, which may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. Moreover, virally mediated enhanced spinal expression of NCX3 reduced central sensitization. Dorsal horn neurons lacking NCX3 showed increased intracellular calcium following repetitive stimulation, slowed calcium clearance, and increased wind-up. NCX3 was expressed in mouse dorsal horn neurons, and mice lacking NCX3 showed normal, acute pain but hypersensitivity to the second phase of the formalin test and chronic constriction injury. The Commission may amend this Order on its own motion or in accordance with the procedure described in section 210.76 of the Commissions. To understand the genetic basis of temporal summation, we undertook a GWAS of wind-up in healthy human volunteers and found significant association with SLC8A3 encoding sodium-calcium exchanger type 3 ( NCX3). Designed to test and set the back focus on DSLR cameras, the Zeiss Siemens Star Test Chart is a professional lens chart that is particularly effective when. Its electrophysiological correlate is “wind-up,” in which dorsal horn spinal neurons increase their response to repeated nociceptor stimulation. Repeated application of noxious stimuli leads to a progressively increased pain perception this temporal summation is enhanced in and predictive of clinical pain disorders.
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